It's a very broad question but here's a few ideas:
Mashed Potatoes: Form into patties and sauté in a little butter until brown and crispy on each side. Great with breakfast.
Baked potatoes: Twice Baked Potatoes
Baked or Boiled Potatoes: Slice them up and sauté them with onions (and maybe bell pepper or mushrooms) and scramble them with eggs. It's called Cowboy Eggs where I come from, but a number of dishes seem to have that name in different regions.
Boiled Potatoes: Butter Parsley Potatoes or German Potato Salad; tons of recipes for each around.
Ham: Deviled Ham Pinwheels. Devil the ham using any recipe that strikes you. Spread it on a rolled sheet of dough (a whole can of Pillsbury Crescent rolled right as they come from the can works). Roll it up, slice it into disks and bake until browned. Serve with a light cheese sauce (bechemal spiked with a bit of cheese and maybe a touch of mustard or paprika).
Beef, any type: Beef Stroganoff.
Chicken, Pork or Turkey: Chow Mein, Chop Suey or Egg Foo Young
Leftover shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, crayfish, whatever, including from dinners out): Grilled Open-faced Shrimp-wiches. Dice seafood small along with bell pepper, thin sliced green onion and celery (as if making a shrimp salad), add grated cheese and bind with mayonaise. Spread on hamburger-type bun halves and broil until bubbly and beginning to brown.
Rice: Fried Rice, almost any soup including canned.
Any Cooked Protein: Add to a lunch salad.
Hamburgers from a cookout: Chop them up and almost any recipe calling for ground beef.
Hot Dogs from a cookout: a pot of franks and beans or jazzed up Macaaroni and Cheese.